Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - scrape
Scrape
scrape
v. & n. --v. 1 tr. a move a hard or sharp edge across (a surface), esp. to make something smooth. b apply (a hard or sharp edge) in this way. 2 tr. (foll. by away, off, etc.) remove (a stain, projection, etc.) by scraping. 3 tr. a rub (a surface) harshly against another. b scratch or damage by scraping. 4 tr. make (a hollow) by scraping. 5 a tr. draw or move with a sound of, or resembling, scraping. b intr. emit or produce such a sound. c tr. produce such a sound from. 6 intr. (often foll. by along, by, through, etc.) move or pass along while almost touching close or surrounding features, obstacles, etc. (the car scraped through the narrow lane). 7 tr. just manage to achieve (a living, an examination pass, etc.). 8 intr. (often foll. by by, through) a barely manage. b pass an examination etc. with difficulty. 9 tr. (foll. by together, up) contrive to bring or provide; amass with difficulty. 10 intr. be economical. 11 intr. draw back a foot in making a clumsy bow. 12 tr. clear (a ship's bottom) of barnacles etc. 13 tr. completely clear (a plate) of food. 14 tr. (foll. by back) draw (the hair) tightly back off the forehead. --n. 1 the act or sound of scraping. 2 a scraped place (on the skin etc.). 3 a thinly applied layer of butter etc. on bread. 4 the scraping of a foot in bowing. 5 colloq. an awkward predicament, esp. resulting from an escapade. Phrases and idioms scrape acquaintance with contrive to get to know (a person). scrape the barrel colloq. be reduced to one's last resources. Etymology: ME f. ON skrapa or MDu. schrapen
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1.
I. verb (~d; scraping) Etymology: Middle English, from Old Norse skrapa; akin to Old English scrapian to ~, Latin scrobis ditch, Russian skresti to ~ Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. to remove from a surface by usually repeated strokes of an edged instrument, to make (a surface) smooth or clean with strokes of an edged instrument or an abrasive, 2. to grate harshly over or against, to damage or injure the surface of by contact with a rough surface, to draw roughly or noisily over a surface, to collect by or as if by scraping, intransitive verb to move in sliding contact with a rough surface, to accumulate money by small economies, to draw back the foot along the ground in making a bow, to make one's way with difficulty ; barely manage or succeed , ~r noun II. noun Date: 15th century 1. the act or process of scraping, a sound made by scraping, a mark or injury caused by scraping ; abrasion , 2. the nest of a bird consisting of a usually shallow depression in the ground, a cleared area on the forest floor made by a male deer during breeding season to attract a doe, a bow made with a drawing back of the foot along the ground, 4. a distressing encounter , altercation, fight ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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